Cancer statistics in the world by country. Statistics of oncological diseases among the population of Russia and the world

Sooner or later, you will have to pay for everything good - you can’t argue here. Maybe that's why a quarter of the population of civilized and progressive countries suffer from cancer in one form or another? Over the past 25 years, oncology has significantly increased the number of its current and potential victims. She walks across the planet with leaps and bounds: whom she bypasses, and where she lingers for a long time - here, as someone is lucky.

"Cancer" statistics of Russia

The percentage of Russians who annually fall ill with an insidious disease is growing rapidly. So, in the not yet distant 1998, more than 440,000 cancer patients were registered throughout the country, and 15 years later, completely different terrifying numbers were registered - more than 2.5 million cases of the disease! Statistics say that the disease is “gaining momentum” by an average of 11.3% every 10 years. But these data should not be taken as the most accurate information, since the rate at which a malignant tumor "devours" the country is increasing exponentially.

The large territorial size of the state gives oncology a selective character - the incidence rate in one region can differ significantly from the level of the neighboring one. Krasnodar Territory is the leader in this sad rating (almost 2,500 cases of cancer annually per 100,000 people). It is followed by the Moscow and Novgorod regions (2330 and 2320 respectively). The Leningrad region closes the top three (2309 cases of the disease). The smallest percentage of incidence in the Tver region, the Chechen Republic, Ingushetia and Chukotka (from 450 to 850 cases for every 100,000 population). The density of cancer patients also varies by city. For example, residents of the large industrial city of Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory) claim that they live in the dirtiest place on earth. And they are partly right: city residents live an average of 10 years less than residents of cities in other Russian regions, and the rates of people dying from oncology and cardiovascular diseases are unusually high. Although the state of the environment, which is on the eve of an ecological catastrophe, fully explains why people often get cancer in Norilsk.

Why do people get more cancer

Scientists name many factors that, to one degree or another, provoke a surge in the oncological epidemic in the modern world. Here are the most significant of them:

  1. Poor ecology of large cities.
  2. Stress.
  3. Food with the addition of synthetic dyes.
  4. Genetically modified foods.
  5. Electromagnetic radiation.
  6. Smoking.
  7. UV irradiation.

Where and what type of cancer is more common

To understand why people so often get cancer of one kind or another, one must take into account that the spread of oncology in different countries is based on cultural and climatic conditions, food traditions, the composition of soil, water, air, and many other factors.

The highest percentage of sick and dead from a terrible disease in Hungary (313 deaths per 100,000 every year), and the lowest - in Asia and West Africa. If we consider certain types of disease in the context of different countries, then the following picture emerges.

Lungs' cancer

The scourge of large industrial countries. The disease "prefers" blacks in the United States, as well as Germans, British and New Zealanders. But in Mali, Puerto Rico and India, it is extremely rare.

Pancreas cancer

This is a problem of excessive consumption of animal protein and meat. Residents of Denmark, New Zealand, America and Canada are most often affected. In the daily diet of a New Zealander, for comparison, there are more than 200 g of fatty meat products, while in the Japanese and Italians this figure does not even reach 70 g.

Stomach cancer

The first place is occupied by East Asia. The disease is very common in Japan and China, where it accounts for about 40% of all malignant tumors. Not inferior in the number of patients and Russia. This is due to the food habits of these countries: a lot of starch, little animal protein, milk, natural fiber.

Cervical cancer

There is a direct connection between the disease and sexual life: the formation of a tumor in the body is “started” by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is sexually transmitted. In Japan, India and Brazil, about 80% of gynecological problems are associated with this type of oncology.

Liver cancer

85% of all cases occur in developing countries. Most often, residents of Southeast Asia and central Africa suffer. Science has proven that aflatoxin, a poison that enters the body with mold-infected cereals and nuts, becomes the source of the disease.

Prostate cancer

In the United States, only lung cancer is more common than this type of oncology. But the inhabitants of Japan and China practically do not face a similar problem. But here's what's interesting: when the men of these countries move to another state, the incidence rate increases among them. Probably, the reason lies in the change in living conditions and habits.

Mammary cancer

Late delivery increases the risk of the disease. If a woman gave birth to her first child not at the age of 20, but after 33 years, then her “chances” of falling ill with this particular form of pathology increase exactly 3 times. Oncological diseases of the breast are quite rare for residents of Central Asia, the Middle East, China and Japan - it is customary to give birth early there. A large number of cases among women in the UK.

bladder cancer

The main problem of smokers in industrialized countries. The United States, Italy, Canada and England are leading in terms of the number of cases.

testicular cancer

Quite a rare disease. It mainly affects men in Norway, Denmark and Switzerland, and in Asia and Africa almost nothing is known about it.

An active increase in the incidence of cancer has long been a public problem. How much more time must pass before scientists finally find a weapon against a terrible epidemic? Perhaps, for now, you need to rely only on your own strength: to minimize all factors that can cause the formation of malignant cells. Take care of yourself!

At the same time, many malignant neoplasms are generally not amenable to modern methods of therapy.

Statistics of malignant neoplasms in Russia

Statistical methods are used to understand the full scale of the problem of malignant diseases in Russia. In our country, this information is collected in oncology dispensaries. The latest data on cancer statistics in Russia was released in 2014. According to this information, about 500,000 new cases of cancer are registered in our country every year. This figure corresponds only to accurately established registered diagnoses. Compared with world statistics, more than 10 million primary cases of cancer are registered annually worldwide. According to oncologists, more than 27,000 people develop cancer every day. Cancer statistics in Russia show that about 1,500 cancer patients are registered every day in our country. In total, at least 2.5 million patients with various forms of cancer are registered in oncological dispensaries in Russia.

Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the frequency of detection of malignant neoplasms. According to various statistical studies, the average increase is about 15%. For example, the number of patients with prostate cancer has doubled. The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased by 1.5 times. In general, Russia has the highest growth of oncopathology in the world, along with the countries of East Asia and Central Africa. Every year, 2-3% of new patients with malignant neoplasms are registered in oncological clinics in Russia.

Death rate statistics

Modern statistics of malignant neoplasms in Russia shows that more than 300 thousand people die from cancer every year in Russia. And every year this number is only growing. It turns out that almost 1,000 cancer patients die every day in our country. According to 2014 data, at least 8 million people die from malignant neoplasms worldwide, which is 13% of all deaths. At the same time, 70% of all global cancer deaths occur in countries with an average and low level of income, which include Russia. In developed countries, mortality is at a lower level, primarily due to the use of new methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as improved screening programs. In Russia, as well as throughout the world, mortality from cancer and other malignant neoplasms should come out on top, overtaking cardiovascular diseases. This should happen in the next 6-8 years.

survival stats.

In a statistical assessment of survival from cancer, the probability of saving life for 5 years is estimated. Therefore, the main indicator is the five-year survival rate. According to 2014 data, the five-year survival rate in Russia is one of the lowest in Europe and is 40%. In fact, it is comparable to survival rates in developing countries in Africa and Asia. For comparison, in France, more than 60% of patients survive for five years, and in the United States - up to 64% of patients with cancer.

Survival statistics depending on the stage of cancer

In Russia, as in other countries of the world, survival in the presence of malignant neoplasms depends on the stage of the process at which the diagnosis is made.

Of course, these statistics are largely approximate, since survival is affected not only by the stage, but also by the patient's region of residence, the level of his financial support, and many other factors.

Statistics on the prevalence of malignant neoplasms

In terms of morbidity and mortality, oncological diseases are in second place, second only to cardiovascular diseases. The reasons for such a high prevalence of malignant tumors and their negative prognosis are being actively studied by oncologists. Statistics show that in Russia about 10% of cancer patients refuse treatment due to lack of funds. Another 20% of patients are late with a visit to the doctor, as they are simply afraid to go to medical centers. As a result, they are diagnosed with advanced cancer, making adequate treatment difficult. An interesting fact was recently discovered by scientists who claim that people with the first blood group are the least likely to get cancer. Most often, oncological diseases occur in people with the fourth and third blood groups.

Incidence statistics by type of cancer

In 2014, 535,000 new cases of neoplasms were diagnosed in Russia. Of all these patients, women accounted for 54%. The total number of new cancer cases in 2014 increased by 15% compared to 2004. Recall that in 2004 there were 455,000 registered patients with cancer. In Russia, different forms of cancer predominate in women and men. In general, skin cancer is in the first place, and a tumor of the mammary glands is in second place. Next, in decreasing prevalence, there are such forms of malignant neoplasms: cancer of the lungs, stomach, large intestine, prostate, rectum, lymphoid tissue, hematopoietic organs, uterus, kidney, pancreas, cervix, bladder and ovaries.

In men, the following forms of malignant neoplasms predominate: tumors of the bronchi, lungs and trachea (18.4%), prostate cancer (12.9%), skin neoplasms (10.0%), stomach cancer (8.6%), tumors of the colon intestines (5.9%). In addition to these oncological diseases, neoplasms of the rectum, hematopoietic organs, bladder, kidneys, pancreas and larynx occupy a significant place in the prevalence in men. If we take statistics on systems, then the largest share is occupied by tumors of the genitourinary organs (22.9% of all forms of cancer).

In women, the situation looks somewhat different, which is associated with the characteristics of the female body. In the first place is breast cancer (20.9%). In addition, malignant neoplasms of the skin (14.3%), uterine body (7.7%), large intestine (7.0%), stomach (5.5%), cervix (5. 3%), rectum (4.7%), ovary (4.6%), hematopoietic organs (4.5%), and lungs and trachea (3.8%). As a result, statistics show that the organs of the reproductive system occupy the greatest distribution in the structure of cancer incidence (39.2%). As for various forms of cancer of the genital organs, they occupy 18.3% of all forms of oncological pathology in women.

The prevalence of cancer by stage in Russia

According to domestic statistics, for the first time in life, cancer is diagnosed at the following stages:

At the same time, in 2004, 23.6% of cancers were registered at the 4th stage. This suggests that some progress has been made in the early detection of cancer in recent years. Although in general the situation still leaves much to be desired. It should be understood that it is early diagnosis at the 1st and 2nd stages that is the main key to the success of treatment and reduction of mortality. For this purpose, new effective screening programs are constantly being developed. Age statistics also play a role in assessing cancer prognosis. In 2014, the average age of patients was 64 years. In men, cancer was detected at an average of 64.2 years, and in women at 63.8 years.

Death statistics from malignant neoplasms

In the structure of mortality in Russia, cancer is in second place after cardiovascular diseases. In 2014, malignant neoplasms outstripped injuries, poisonings and accidents. The most common causes of death from malignant neoplasms are tumors of the pulmonary system (17.4%), stomach cancer (10.9%), breast cancer (8.0%), tumors of the colon (7.6%) and rectum (5 ,eight%). Statistics on mortality from cancer in men and women differ significantly. In men, the main causes of cancer mortality are lung and bronchial tumors (26.8%), stomach cancer (11.7%) and prostate neoplasms (7.2%). In women, the following diseases most often lead to death from malignant neoplasms: breast cancer (17.0%), stomach tumors (10.0%), colorectal cancer (9.5%), as well as tumors of the lungs, trachea and bronchi (6 .3%).

Oncology statistics by regions of Russia

To take into account statistical data by region, each medical institution conducts mandatory registration of all identified patients with malignant neoplasms. Every year, the data obtained are analyzed not only by regions, but also centrally. The results obtained through such analysis are compared with data in other regions and in other time periods. As a result, statistics make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing preventive measures, the negative impact of environmental factors, the lifestyle of patients, and so on. The main indicators for evaluating oncological statistics in the regions are mortality and cancer incidence. The value of these data is that on their basis it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of regional anticancer programs and screenings.

Oncology statistics by cities and regions take into account mortality from the main forms of cancer for men and women, as well as a general analysis of the incidence and mortality from malignant neoplasms. To get more reliable statistics, oncologists do not take into account such regions of Russia as Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan. This is due to the fact that the quality of the assessment of statistical indicators here can be significantly distorted. This is due to the artificial overestimation of the age of patients and a certain age accumulation. Also in these regions is not entirely reliable detection of malignant neoplasms and registration of causes of death. Also, when statistically assessing cancer in the regions of Russia, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is not considered, since it has a relatively low population.

Death statistics by region

In general, over the past ten years in Russia, there has been a decrease in mortality from malignant neoplasms. In men, mortality decreased by 1.2%, and in women by 0.7%. Mordovia (4.9%), Murmansk and Saratov regions (3.3%), Tyumen region (3.1%) and Moscow (2.9%) became the leading regions in terms of cancer mortality reduction. At the same time, in some regions of Russia, mortality did not decrease, but, on the contrary, increased. These include the Republic of Tyva (2.0%), Khakassia (2.4%), Tambov Oblast (2.2%), Jewish Autonomous Okrug (2.1%) and Kurgan Oblast (1.8%). It is worth noting the areas that have made the most progress in reducing female deaths from cancer over the past 10 years. These include Saratov (2.8%), Magadan (2.4%), Tyumen (2.8%), Tambov (2.2%) regions and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (2.4%).

Statistics on the regions of Russia shows that in some regions the share of malignant neoplasms in the overall structure of mortality significantly prevails. These regions include, first of all, the large cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Tomsk Region and the Republic of Adygea. The smallest share of deaths from oncological diseases in the structure of total mortality is observed in the Volga regions and in regions located near the southern border of Siberia. Such differences in mortality in different cities and regions of Russia shows that they are at different epidemiological stages.

In general, in our country there are some regional regularities in the level of mortality from malignant neoplasms. They have certain features, in contrast to the picture of general mortality in the regions of Russia. Statistics show that the highest oncological mortality is noted in four main territorial regions - the southern part of the Urals, the northern regions of the European part, the central part of Siberia and the Far East. Also in the Moscow and Leningrad regions, there is a high mortality rate from cancer among the female population. The lowest mortality from cancer in Russia is observed in the Volga region, as well as in the central and southern regions of the European part of the country.

Mortality statistics for individual cancer locations by region

In addition to the general regional statistical analysis of mortality, data on some of the main cancer sites are taken into account. Mortality rates in men from malignant neoplasms of the lungs, trachea and bronchi correspond to regional parameters of total cancer mortality. The highest mortality rate from lung cancer is observed in the south of the Urals, mainly in the Kurgan and Orenburg regions. Regional statistics in men with stomach tumors differs from the general picture. Male mortality from stomach cancer is highest in the central and northern regions of the European part of Russia and southern Siberia. At the same time, the least men die from stomach cancer in the Urals, in the south of the European part, in the Volga region and in Siberia.

The most unfavorable situation in terms of mortality from colorectal cancer is noted in the northwestern regions of Russia, as well as in the southern part of the Urals. The best situation in terms of mortality from colorectal tumors is in Altai, Yakutia and the Republic of Tyva. The death rate from prostate cancer does not have a clear regional pattern. Therefore, in one region, areas with low mortality can be combined with areas with high mortality.

Regional statistical indicators for women, depending on individual forms of cancer, have certain characteristics. In particular, the highest mortality from breast tumors is observed in the Far East and Siberia. In addition, a large number of women die from breast cancer in the Kaliningrad, Leningrad and Kaluga regions. The lowest mortality from breast cancer is noted in the Volga region, in the northern part of the European zone and in Yakutia. Statistics on colorectal cancer shows that the highest mortality is observed in the Urals, in the Far East region and in the North-West of Russia. With regard to gastric cancer, the regional statistics of mortality in this localization corresponds to the picture observed in men.

Causes of high cancer mortality in Russia

The main cause of increased mortality from cancer in Russia is late diagnosis. A similar situation is observed in India, China and other developing countries. In Russia, malignant neoplasms are usually diagnosed mainly at the 3rd and 4th stages. The result of late diagnosis is an underestimation of the prevalence of cancer, compared with more developed countries. As a result, the proportion of diagnosed patients with cancer in Russia is less. Since the survival rate of patients with early diagnosis is much higher, in developed countries the number of registered cancer patients looks overestimated. At the same time, mortality in Russia is significantly higher than in many Western countries. According to statistics, in our country the risk of developing malignant neoplasms in 2014 under the age of 60 was 8.8%. The risk of getting cancer increases significantly with age. For people in the age range of years, the risk of oncological pathology is 19%. For men, this figure corresponds to 21.3%, and for women - 17.7%.

An important reason for the late detection of malignant neoplasms is that people do not go to the doctor on time due to lack of funds or lack of knowledge in this area. Late diagnosis of cancer leads to the fact that in Russia every third cancer patient dies within a year from the date of diagnosis. For comparison, in the United States, more than 80% of patients live not only the first year from the diagnosis, but also pass the five-year milestone. Of course, this is possible only if a tumor is detected at the first or second stage of the process.

Prospects for Reducing Cancer Mortality

Today, in Russia, cancer still remains one of the most unfavorable prognostic diseases, despite the constant work of scientists on the search for new methods of treating this pathology. Currently, the situation with malignant neoplasms in our country is very disappointing. In 2014, statistics indicate a high prevalence of cancer, which is 231 patients per 100 thousand of the population. At the same time, the incidence of cancer is constantly increasing, by about 1.5% per year. Therefore, in the whole country today there are approximately 2.5 million patients with oncological diseases. At the same time, some progress can be noted, which is associated with the success of oncologists. Today, with timely diagnosis and adequate radical treatment, patients live longer than ten years ago. In general, the prospect is as follows - the total number of cancer patients has increased, but the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms has slightly decreased.

To improve the statistics on cancer mortality in Russia, the National Cancer Program was created, which should reveal the existing problems and shortcomings in the work of medical institutions. This program has been operating in our country for more than five years. During this time, it was revealed that the main problem of the entire oncological service is problems with early diagnosis. For example, a person can go to the dentist with pain in the oral cavity, and the doctor will simply treat his teeth and not pay attention to the condition of the mucous membrane. As a result, he misses the cancerous pathology of the oral cavity, which is very common in Russia. It is clear that a dentist does not have enough knowledge in diagnosing cancer, unlike an oncologist. Despite this, with the right approach, he can diagnose oral cancer at an early stage. However, in most cases this does not happen, which is due to the low oncological alertness of doctors of other specialties.

In addition, early diagnosis is hampered by insufficient awareness of patients about the symptoms of cancer. In addition, some people are simply afraid to go to the oncologist when the first symptoms appear. However, every person needs to know that any malignant neoplasm does not tolerate delay in diagnosis and treatment. It is on early diagnosis and possible prevention that programs to reduce mortality from cancer should be directed. Therefore, educational work in the near future will become one of the possible levers for influencing statistical indicators in malignant neoplasms. It will help people realize the need to see a doctor early for successful cancer treatment.

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A group of researchers from Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov (Moscow State University), together with scientists from Germany, proved the effectiveness.

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Rating of Russian cities by oncological diseases

December 2013

Towards a reduction in morbidity and mortality from neoplasms

Worked on the theme of the issue

Oncological mortality on the map of Russia

It is hardly possible to analyze any demographic process in Russia without considering its regional characteristics. Approaches to the analysis of the regional specifics of mortality in Russia have been disclosed in a number of studies and systematized in work 27 .

We performed a spatio-temporal analysis of mortality from neoplasms in general for men and women in the period from 2004 to 2012, and also drew attention to regional differences in mortality from the four main "male" and "female" forms of cancer in 2012. In the interests of the correctness of the comparative geographical analysis of regions in terms of mortality, a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation were excluded from consideration. Firstly, these are the three North Caucasian regions - the republics of Ingushetia, Dagestan and Chechnya. Many researchers express doubts about the quality of statistical data in these regions, which is associated both with the distortion of the age and sex structure of the population (artificial overestimation of age and age accumulation), and with not always reliable identification and registration of causes of death. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was excluded from consideration due to the low population and the small number of deaths from neoplasms, which fluctuated significantly over the period under review. Also, autonomous okrugs administratively subordinate to the Tyumen and Arkhangelsk regions were not considered separately.

Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual rate of decline in mortality from neoplasms was 1.2% for men and 0.7% for women. The leading regions in terms of reducing mortality from neoplasms in men were the Republic of Mordovia (4.9%), the Saratov and Murmansk regions (3.3%), the Tyumen region (3.1%) and the city of Moscow (2.9%). The “outsider” regions were the Republic of Tyva (an increase in mortality by 4.0%), the Jewish Autonomous Region (1.8%), the republics of Khakassia, Adygea and Karelia (1.5, 1.2 and 1.1%, respectively). The subjects most successful in reducing female cancer mortality in years are the Tyumen, Saratov and Magadan regions (2.8, 2.7 and 2.4% respectively), the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (2.4%) and the Tambov region (2 .2%). The regions that showed negative dynamics are the Republic of Khakassia (2.4%), the Jewish Autonomous Region (2.1%), the Republic of Tyva (2.0%), the Kurgan Region (1.8%) and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (1, 5%).

To assess interregional differences in mortality from neoplasms, we use the coefficient of variation for the male and female population in two versions: with and without population weights (Fig. 11). meaning: the contribution of each individual region with a different population and number of deaths to the resulting indicator is very high. Therefore, only a weighted indicator was used for the analysis. Differences in mortality of the male population from neoplasms are on average slightly higher than in women. In years, the coefficient of variation for both sexes had similar values ​​and was at the same level. Since 2009, there has been a divergence in the trends of the coefficient of variation: interregional differences in mortality from neoplasms in men increase, while in women, on the contrary, they decrease. But since 2011, the indicator of interregional inequality in women's mortality has been increasing after men's.

Figure 11. Coefficients of variation of the standardized mortality rate from neoplasms in Russia

Turning to the analysis of the spatial features of mortality from neoplasms in Russia in 2012, it should be noted a number of regions in which the proportion of deaths from neoplasms in the overall structure of mortality is especially high. These are, first of all, the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the Tomsk Region, the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The lowest proportion of deaths from neoplasms in the structure of mortality is in the Volga region (the republics of Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Mordovia, Saratov region), as well as along the southern border of Siberia (the republics of Tyva and Altai, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Amur Region). At the same time, the overall mortality rate in the two federal cities of Russia is the lowest, while in Tyva, Zabaykalsky Crane and the Amur Region, on the contrary, the highest. This confirms that the regions of Russia are at significantly different stages of the epidemiological transition, and the proportion of deaths from neoplasms can serve as one of the indicators of the epidemiological (sanitary) transition.

The spatial picture of mortality from neoplasms is visualized in Fig. 12 and 13. Regional patterns of mortality from neoplasms resemble the general picture of mortality from all causes of death, but also have their own characteristics. The highest mortality rate for both men and women from neoplasms is characteristic of four large territorial zones: the regions of the north of the European part of Russia (the Republic of Karelia, the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kostroma regions and the Komi Republic), the south of the Urals (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Orenburg regions) , the center of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory and Tomsk Region, the Republics of Khakassia and Tyva) and the Far East (especially Magadan Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Sakhalin Region). A high level of female mortality from neoplasms is also characteristic of St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and its surrounding regions. The lowest mortality rate from neoplasms is typical for the regions of the Volga region, the south and the center of the European part of Russia.

Figure 12. Mortality of men from neoplasms, 2012

Figure 13. Women's mortality from neoplasms, 2012

In addition to the general interregional analysis of mortality from neoplasms, we have built maps and carried out their brief analysis by main localizations in men and women. Picture of mortality men from malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi and lungs to a large extent repeats the general patterns of male mortality from neoplasms (Fig. 14). More negative shades are acquired by the regions of the south of the Urals, especially the Orenburg and Kurgan regions.

Figure 14. Mortality of men from cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, 2012

The regional specificity of male mortality from malignant neoplasms of the stomach differs from the general pattern of mortality from neoplasms (Fig. 15). The most unfavorable regions from this position are the subjects of the center and north of the European part of Russia, as well as the south of Siberia. The Volga region, the Urals, partly Siberia and the south of the European part of Russia are positive.

Figure 15. Mortality of men from stomach cancer, 2012

In terms of mortality from colorectal cancer, the regions of the north-west of Russia, as well as the south of the Urals, stand out especially negatively (Fig. 16). The most positive situation is in the republics of Tyva, Altai and Yakutia.

Figure 16. Male mortality from colorectal cancer, 2012

The geographical pattern of prostate cancer mortality is highly mosaic, with regions with high mortality rates interspersed with subjects with lower rates (Fig. 17).

Figure 17. Mortality of men from prostate cancer, 2012

Picture of mortality women from individual forms of cancer has certain patterns and differences. Thus, the mortality rate from breast cancer is highest in three regions of Siberia and the Far East (Kemerovo and Sakhalin regions, Jewish Autonomous Region), as well as in St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad and Kaluga regions (Fig. 18).

Figure 18. Mortality of women from breast cancer, 2012

A high mortality rate from malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs is noted in the regions of southern Siberia and the south of the Far East (Fig. 19). The most positive situation is noted in the Volga region, in the north of the European part of Russia, in the Republic of Yakutia.

Figure 19. Mortality of women from cancer of the female genital organs, 2012

The death rate of women from colorectal cancer is highest in the North-West, the south of the Urals and the Far East (Fig. 20).

Figure 20. Women's mortality from colorectal cancer, 2012

Geographic patterns of women's mortality from gastric cancer are similar to men's (cf. Fig. 21 and 15).

Figure 21. Mortality of women from stomach cancer, 2012

27 Wallin, J.; Andreev, E. M.; Meslé, F.; Shkolnikov, V. M. (2005). Geographical diversity of cause-of-death patterns and trends in Russia. Demographic Research, 12:13.

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Rating of Russian regions by oncological diseases

Text "Federal Press". July 2015

On the eve of the Day of the Medic, the Institute for Strategic Communications and Social Projects found out how the healthcare system works in the regions of Russia. In what areas do they pay more attention to the health of Russians, and where residents have to be treated with grandmother's methods. Of course, in memory of the singer Zhanna Friske, FederalPress could not but touch on the topic of cancer. Where this disease “registered” more strongly, in our study.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug suffers the least cancer: 137 new cancer patients are registered annually per 100 thousand of the population, which, of course, does not allow us to say that the cancer problem in Yamal can be taken lightly, but compared to other regions of the country, the YNAO statistics are the best. Also in the lead are three Caucasian republics - Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechnya and one Siberian - Tuva. The average Russian indicator is 374 registered cases per year per hundred thousand of the population, but the situation is worst in the Central Federal District. So, in the Yaroslavl region, 487 people (out of a hundred thousand) hear a terrible diagnosis, followed by the Oryol, Ryazan and Kaluga regions in the rating.

To assess the efforts of doctors, consider such an indicator as the proportion of patients with stage I or II cancer among all newly registered. It will show how quickly cancer is detected, which indirectly makes it possible to judge the quality of medical examinations and the attentiveness of diagnosticians. The leader in this indicator is the Voronezh region. For 36 patients with advanced stages, there are 64 people whose chances of survival are estimated to be much higher. We also note the doctors of the Samara, Saratov, Murmansk, Belgorod, Lipetsk regions and the Altai Territory. But in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Ingushetia, the situation is the opposite: among all new cancer patients, only 27% and 33%, respectively, found out about their illness in time. Things are not much better in Buryatia, Kalmykia, Yakutia and the Republic of Mari El. The national average is 50.8%. This means that only half of the people who were struck by a terrible disease learn about it in stages I and II of the disease.

Let's move on to the saddest columns of the table. In 2013, 291,775 people died of cancer. There are 203 deaths per 100,000 people a year. If we compare the Russian regions, the spread of indicators is quite large. Approximately 270 people per year (for the same one hundred thousand people) die in the Kurgan and Tula regions, a little less in the Vladimir and Oryol regions. Compared to them, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechnya and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug look relatively prosperous with numbers from 46 to 75, in other regions - more than 100.

To compile a single table, we decided to combine the two most significant indicators - the incidence rate and the death rate from cancer. We chose an inverted scale, the regions with the highest numbers got zeros, and if there were cancer-free regions in Russia, they would get tens. For the final figure, we took the average of the two indicators. Thus, the higher our assessment, the less of a threat cancer poses to the inhabitants of one or another subject of the federation.

The least prosperous regions in terms of cancer statistics were Yaroslavl, Oryol, Kurgan, Ryazan and Tula regions. In the top ten, there are seven regions of the center of Russia (also Tver, Ivanovo and Kursk regions), one Ural region (Kurgan region), one region of the North-West Federal District (Novgorod region) and one Siberian region (Altai Territory). Nevertheless, among the federal districts, the worst situation is still in the North-West, and the Central Federal District ranks second. The best statistics in Russia in the North Caucasus Federal District - Ingushetia, Dagestan and Chechnya occupy the first, third and fourth places, respectively, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tuva, Yakutia and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra can also be called relatively prosperous regions. The best region, not counting the mountainous and northern regions, is the Republic of Bashkortostan, which occupies only 14th place.

The most provided with doctors subject of the Russian Federation is the city of St. Petersburg. 33,200 doctors work in the northern capital, which is more than 75 per ten thousand residents. In the closest pursuers - the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and North Ossetia, this indicator barely exceeds 70, and in Moscow, which ranks fourth, - 65. In general, in Russia the average is 44.7 doctors per ten thousand people. This is quite a lot by international standards - for example, in France there are 37 doctors per ten thousand people, in Israel - 36, in Germany - 35, in many developed countries and even less: in the USA - 27, and in the UK and Japan - only 21. Slightly better statistics in Belarus, where 49 out of ten thousand people wear white coats, and Cuba is the world leader with 64.

The American level for Russia is considered low - such figures fall on outsider regions. The greatest shortage of doctors in the Kurgan region and Chechnya (26 per ten thousand inhabitants), Tula and Vladimir regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region (28 each).

If we consider not the personnel, but the material and technical base, then remote regions are at the top of the rating. Chukotka, the Magadan Region, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Sakhalin and Kamchatka Regions, the Republics of Yakutia and Tuva are leaders in terms of such an indicator as the provision of hospital beds - in these regions there are more than a hundred beds in hospitals for ten thousand people (and in Chukotka almost 150). Of the regions of the European part of Russia, it should be noted the Smolensk, Oryol regions and the Republic of Mari El. The worst situation is in Ingushetia, Tatarstan and the Leningrad region (inhabitants of the latter, however, can count on the hospitals of St. Petersburg). The normal rate for Russia is 81 beds per ten thousand people.

It should be noted that the Far Eastern Federal District is the leader in terms of provision of the population with hospitals - there are 68 institutions providing medical care per million people, while the average for Russia is 50.7. The smallest number of hospitals is in the Central Federal District (43.4) and in the Volga region (47.4). If we consider individual regions, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug stands apart, in which there are 19 such institutions for 43,000 inhabitants, which would correspond to 442 hospitals per million people. This is again followed by Kamchatka and the Magadan region, among the more western and southern regions, Kalmykia and the Novgorod region are in the lead.

Not surprisingly, medical care is expensive in remote regions. Consider such an indicator as the average cost per unit of outpatient medical services. Ahead again is the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in which in 2011 one unit cost the state and insurers 1178 rubles, more than 800 it cost in Chukotka, Kamchatka, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and YNAO. Except for the northern and eastern regions, the most expensive service is in the capitals - 422 rubles in St. Petersburg, 410 in Moscow. Thus, medicine in the main cities of our country costs one and a half times more than the average for Russia. The most economical hospitals in Russia are in Dagestan, the Penza region and North Ossetia, where a visit to a doctor costs 110-120 rubles.

The healthcare system is lame

The second rating in our material is devoted to the state of healthcare in the regions of the country. To calculate a single estimate, we have chosen the following indicators: the number of doctors per capita, the provision of hospital beds, the number of medical institutions per capita, and the proportion of hospital facilities that are in disrepair. In each of these indicators, we chose the best value and equated it to 10 points. Thus, those regions whose numbers are two times worse than those of the leaders received fives, five times worse - deuces. In the case of such an indicator as “provision with medical care institutions”, due to the exceptional figures for the Nenets Autonomous District, we chose the second result as a benchmark. The final score is the arithmetic mean of all four indicators.

As a result, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug became the leader in the composite health rating with a score of 7.9 points, the second place was taken by the Magadan region (7.6), and the third by the Tomsk region (6.5). Tomsk region can be called the winner among regions with a significant population. Next in the ranking are St. Petersburg, the Jewish Autonomous Region (6.3 each), the Republic of Komi and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (6.1 each), Chukotka (6.1), Kamchatka and Volgograd Region (6.1 each) close the top ten. 6.0). If you look at the top ten, it becomes clear that the Far East turned out to be the best among the federal districts.

The worst indicators are in the Kaliningrad (3.4), Pskov and Tula (3.5 each) regions. Also, Dagestan, Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk, Kursk, Penza, Samara, Tambov and Moscow regions received a score below 4. With a score of 4.4, the last place among the federal districts was taken by the North Caucasus. Not much higher than the estimates of the Ural Federal District and Volga Federal District.

are you blind, gentlemen, the dermocrats, the collapse is coming to the country, people are dying like flies, but we are building the first tanks, rocket ships, and people, as it has always been under any government, there will soon be no people left and there will be no one to protect and no one to decide the Chinese demography will save the people, gentlemen, after all you have money and power

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Scientists have been actively researching the epidemiology of cancer for the past 30 years, trying to find a pattern where cancer may be more common, and where less. In different regions of the Earth, the percentage of the population with malignant tumors is different. The types of cancer also differ.

In countries such as Russia, Japan, Iceland, Britain and Korea, the population is more susceptible to malignant tumors of the stomach than in other states. In the United States, colon and rectal carcinoma is common and more common than in other areas.

The leader in lung cancer per 100,000 people is again Russia. All these indicators largely depend on the lifestyle of people. In the United States, they eat fatty foods, consume a lot of vegetable oil and like to eat everything fried - hence the formation of colorectal cancer, Russia is one of the leaders in the percentage of the smoking population, and the Japanese, British, Koreans and Icelanders consume many carcinogens that cause stomach carcinoma.

True, not everything is so clear. Indeed, the climate, the pollution of the area, the standard of living and the traditional nutrition of the population - all this affects the development of oncological diseases, but how then to explain that in Hungary 313 deaths are recorded per 100,000 inhabitants, which is one of the highest global rates, and in Macedonia, which is a few hundred kilometers further south and has similar soil composition, traditions and climate with only 6 deaths per 100,000 people? There are many such examples.

Which countries have the most cancer?

Why do people get cancer in developed countries? Another interesting question, because according to statistics, it is these countries that are leaders in the number of diseases. Doctors say that this is due to the factor of old age. For the most part, carcinoma affects the population of 70 years and above. It is also worth distinguishing the treatment factor. In Russia, for example, the number of deaths is much higher than in Denmark, where there are more cases per 100,000 people.

The ranking of countries by cancer incidence is as follows (per 100,000 inhabitants):

  • Denmark - 326;
  • Ireland - 317;
  • Australia - 314;
  • Hungary - 313;
  • N. Zealand - 309;
  • Belgium - 307;
  • France - 300;
  • USA - 300;
  • Norway - 300;
  • Canada - 297

As can be seen from the statistics, all countries have a fairly high level and life expectancy. If in Russia men on average live up to 63 years, then in Denmark up to 78-80, hence the greater number of diseases.

Which country has the least cancer rates?

Macedonia is known to have the lowest death toll, but it's not clear why. Also favorable statistics of the small number of people dying of cancer in Israel. The medicine of this country works wonders, having achieved an 80% cure for the disease.

In the world there are many chronic and incurable diseases that pose a mortal danger to humans. Among them are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, respiratory failure, asthma, malignant tumors, injuries, and so on. As a percentage of total mortality, cardiovascular disease ranks first.

Malignant neoplasms are also one of the main causes of death and disability of the population throughout the world. Mortality from cancer, among all causes of death in the population, takes second place yielding diseases of the cardiovascular system and ahead of injuries and accidents. But according to scientists' forecasts, the incidence, and, accordingly, the death rate from cancer in the world, will more than triple in the next 20 years. Despite the fact that some countries note a decrease in the incidence of malignant tumors, unfavorable prognosis remains.

Mortality from cancer in Russia

According to the latest data, more than 2,132,050 people died in Russia in 2015, of which 286,900 died of cancer. Of all the deaths from cancer, the male population accounts for 54.5%, the female - 45.5%. Statistics showed stability in cancer mortality among women and men. Since the beginning of 1980, mortality rates have increased significantly, but after 2000 they began to decline.

Over the past ten years, there has been a stabilization of mortality rates from cancer in Russia. Overall Cancer Death Rate in Russia equals 200 on the 100 000 of the population, and the standardized one is 115. There is also an increase in cancer mortality among people under the age of 50 years, a stabilization of the value at 60-75 years of age and an increase in cancer mortality after 75 years of age. But, despite the high mortality rates from cancer, due to the introduction of modern methods of treatment and diagnostics, mortality rates for certain types of cancer are decreasing, which indicates a positive trend in cancer treatment.

Percentage probability of dying from cancer in Russia:

Overall probability of dying from cancer in Russia according to 2015 data is 15% . Separately for men - 19%, for women - 10%.

Cancer mortality statistics in the regions of Russia

Everyone knows that there are some regions with an unfavorable situation in relation to oncological diseases. This is facilitated by ethnic indicators, ecology, the degree of pollution in the region, the availability of specialized assistance, and climate features.

The highest rates of death from cancer were recorded in the following regions of Russia:

  • Vladimir region- 265.5 cases per 100,000 population;
  • Tula region- 262.5 per 100,000 population;
  • Oryol Region- 256.1 per 100,000 population;
  • Saint Petersburg- 248.9 per 100,000 population;
  • Tver region- 247.9 per 100,000 population;
The most common types of cancer in Russia are:
  • In the age period 40 to 50 years old The main causes of death are: lung cancer- 22.4% and stomach cancer- 11.5%. The remaining species are not so pronounced and make up less than 5% each.
  • Aged 50 to 60 years old high mortality rates are in lung cancer - 30,2%, stomach cancer- 10.8% and bowel cancer - 7,7%.
  • During 60 to 70 years old the main indicators of mortality among men in Russia fall on lung cancer - 30,2%, stomach cancer – 11,4%, prostate cancer– 6.1% and pancreas cancer – 5,7%.
  • In the elderly over 70 years old high death rates from lung cancer - 23%, stomach cancer -12,3%, head neck tumors- 8.7% and prostate cancer - 13%.
    • On the territory of Russia for women:
    • Aged from 0 to 29 years the main mortality rates fall on leukemia and lymphomas- 29%, then goes cervical cancer- 9.8% and ovarian cancer - 3,8%.
    • During 30 to 40 years old The most common causes of death among women from malignant tumors are cervical cancer- 22,9%, breast cancer - 19,5%, leukemia- 9.4% and stomach cancer – 6,5%.
    • During 40 to 50 years old the main mortality rates are in mammary cancer - 23,7%, cervical cancer- 14.4% and ovarian cancer - 8,5%.
    • Aged 50 to 60 years old mortality rates predominate at breast cancer - 22,8%, ovarian cancer - 8,3%, cervical cancer - 6,7%, lung cancer - 6,6%, bowel cancer - 6,3%.
    • During 60 to 70 years old high mortality rates among women in Russia persist from breast cancer - 18,1%, stomach cancer- 8.9% and colon cancer - 8,4%.
    • Among women over the age of 70 the leading cause of death among malignant diseases is breast cancer - 13,1%, stomach cancer - 11,9%, bowel cancer - 12,3%.

    Mortality from cancer in Russia among children

    The incidence of malignant neoplasms among children has increased markedly in the last decade. About 5,000 new cases of cancer among children are registered in Russia every year, while most children have cancer in the last stages. In 2015, about 20 000 children under the age of 18.

    In 2015, about 1,000 children under the age of 17 died from all cancers in Russia, which is 3.3 per 100,000. The main malignant tumors that kill children are leukemia and lymphoma, then in order of importance are brain tumors and various sarcomas.

    In general, despite the horrendous numbers and the constant increase in people diagnosed with cancer, these statistics show an improvement in early cancer diagnosis, a decrease in the number of patients with advanced cancer, and an increase in the life expectancy of patients with cancer. However, the problem associated with the lack of prevention of oncological diseases and the lack of awareness of the population about risk factors and the need to undergo annual examinations remains unresolved.

    The main cause of death in Russia is cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke) and oncology. In this article, we will get acquainted with the statistics on oncology presented by regions of the Russian Federation for 2016. We will find out what is the rate of cancer incidence in the country and in which regions the chance of getting this diagnosis is higher.

    Oncology statistics in Russia for 2016

    • Each 409 th resident of the Russian Federation is sick with cancer!
    • 54% of patients are women, 46% are men.
    • In 2016, the number of cancer patients increased by 1.7%.
    • In comparison with 2006 (over 10 years), the number of patients increased by 20.6%.
    • In 2016, there were 484 patients per oncologist.

    The contingent of patients with malignant neoplasms in 2016

    At the end of the reporting year 2016, the demographic map of oncology patients is as follows:

    • 3,518,842 people have been registered.
    • Cancer affects 2.45% of the population of Russia.
    • 20.9% of them are rural residents.
    • 0.6% of children under 18 (diagnosed).
    • 63.1% are people of retirement age.
    • 36.3% belong to the category of able-bodied citizens (by age).

    Statistics by type of cancer

    As a percentage of all registered patients registered.

    Breast 18,3%
    The body of the uterus 7,1%
    Colon 5,8%
    prostate gland 5,8%
    Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue 5,7%
    Cervix 5,1%
    kidneys 4,5%
    Rectum 4,4%
    Thyroid 4,4%
    Stomach 4,0%
    Trachea, bronchi, lungs 3,9%
    Melanoma (skin tumors) 11,7%
    Other types 19,3%

    Oncology in Russia: statistics by regions for 2016

    The subject of the Russian Federation

    Number of registered patients at the end of 2016, people

    TO Number of cancer patients per 100,000 population, people

    Lethality in %

    City of Sevastopol

    		13725 3367,1 6,1

    Kursk region

    		 36126 3229,3 6,5

    Kaluga region

    		30409 3010,4 6,0

    The Republic of Mordovia

    		24241 2999,5 5,2

    Krasnodar region

    		163019 2972,9 5,8

    Penza region

    		39006 2884,7 6,4

    Yaroslavskaya oblast

    		36660 2882,6 6,6

    Nizhny Novgorod Region

    		93275 2856,6 6,1

    Novgorod region

    		17465 2829,7 5,6

    Ryazan Oblast

    		31994 2824,4 7,2

    Moscow region

    		205385 2823,2 5,1

    Voronezh region

    		65779 2820,3 4,8

    Republic of Crimea

    		 53457 2811,3 5,2

    Tver region

    		36466 2783,9 7,6

    Orenburg region

    		55530 2779,4 6,4

    Novosibirsk region

    		75688 2747,8 6,0

    Republic of Adygea

    		12373 2747,6 6,2

    Bryansk region

    		33732 2743,9 7,2

    Lipetsk region

    		31732 2742,7 6,3

    Oryol Region

    		20807 2728,9 7,5

    Samara Region

    		 87364 2722,2 5,8

    Altai region

    		 64770 2720,5 6,6

    Rostov region

    		 114691 2705,6 4,9

    Republic of Karelia

    		 16989 2691,5 7,0

    Tambov Region

    		 28411 2689,5 4,9

    Pskov region

    		 17415 2684,4 7,5

    Ivanovo region

    		 27315 2643,3 6,7

    Tula region

    		 38311 2537,1 7,5

    Murmansk region

    		 19385 2536,6 6,3

    Kamchatka Krai

    		 8029 2535,3 5,5

    Belgorod region

    		 39244 2533,4 7,0

    Kurgan region

    		 21929 2532,6 7,6

    Republic of Tatarstan

    		 97626 2527,9 6,3

    Volgograd region

    		 64389 2523,4 6,9

    Chelyabinsk region

    		 88016 2515,5 7,0

    Vladimir region

    		 35223 2513,4 7,2

    Kirov region

    		 32679 2512,0 8,0

    Saratov region

    		 62346 2503,6 6,2

    Kostroma region

    		 16237 2486,8 7,2

    Arkhangelsk region (without AO)

    		 29272 2483,4 7,4

    Perm region

    		 64561 2449,5 6,6

    Kaliningrad region

    		 23691 2435,6 5,6

    Ulyanovsk region

    		 30678 2434,6 7,5

    Omsk region

    		 47480 2400,0 6,6

    St. Petersburg

    		 124491 2390,1 7,1

    Sakhalin region

    		 11571 2371,9 8,5
    290690 2370,3 4,6

    Komi Republic

    		 20122 2338,1 6,5

    Smolensk region

    		 22310 2319,8 7,3

    Republic of North Ossetia

    		 16149 2292,2 6,2

    Vologodskaya Oblast

    		 27113 2279,7 8,4

    Irkutsk region

    		 54635 2263,4 7,4

    Krasnoyarsk region

    		 64773 2262,7 6,9

    Republic of Udmurtia

    		 34223 2255,5 6,8

    Sverdlovsk region

    		 97191 2245,2 7,5

    Tyumen region (without AO)

    		 31776 2203,7 5,0

    Leningrad region

    		 38609 2172,5 7,1

    Tomsk region

    		 23257 2162,2 7,5

    Amur region

    		 17391 2152,9 6,7

    Primorsky Krai

    		 41239 2135,5 8,4

    Transbaikal region

    		 23001 2119,5 7,9

    Stavropol region

    		 58552 2090,7 7,0

    Khabarovsk region

    		 27887 2086,7 7,4

    Chuvash Republic

    		 25247 2040,4 6,2

    Kemerovo region

    		 53915 1981,2 9,6

    Republic of Bashkortostan

    		 79238 1946,2 7,1

    Jewish Autonomous Region

    		 3110 1859,6 8,3

    Astrakhan region

    		 18723 1835,7 8,8

    Rep. Kabardino-Balkaria

    		 15646 1816,2 5,4

    The Republic of Khakassia

    		 9715 1811,5 8,9

    Magadan Region

    		 2664 1809,7

    Mari El Republic

    		 11694 1703,1 8,8

    Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

    		 26030 1607,4 6,0

    The Republic of Buryatia

    		 15551 1586,2 9,8

    Nenets Autonomous District

    		 683 1566,3 6,8

    Republic of Kalmykia

    		 4228 1511,9 9,6

    Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia

    		 6451 1377,2 6,8

    Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

    		 7025 1308,1 5,5

    Altai Republic

    		 2712 1264,7 10,0

    The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

    		 11617 1212,3 9,4

    Chukotka

    		 601 1193,7 12,1

    Republic of Chechnya

    		 14966 1082,8 7,4

    The Republic of Ingushetia

    		 4687 1000,8 5,3

    Tyva Republic

    		 2637 837,9 11,8

    The Republic of Dagestan

    		 23802 792,6 7,2

    According to the Russian Center for Information Technologies and Epidemiological Research in the field of oncology

    It is worth considering that the statistics are distorted by settlements with an underdeveloped medical infrastructure, in which the diagnosis is made posthumously.

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