Average life expectancy for men. Life expectancy of people around the world
The mortality rate of the population is directly related to such an important demographic indicator as life expectancy, which is determined by natural, socio-economic, socio-political, environmental, domestic factors, and also depends on the lifestyle of people and the effectiveness of the functioning of healthcare institutions. Lifespan - the number of years a person lives from the day of birth to the day of death. In demography, indicators of real, probabilistic and expected average life expectancy are distinguished.
The life expectancy of the population is calculated as the average value of the years lived by the inhabitants of the country who died in a certain period, usually a year. Indicator real life expectancy calculated on the basis of statistical data on the age structure of the population at the beginning of the year. However, demographers pay special attention to the concept of "probable life expectancy", which in the 17th century. was introduced by the English mathematician E. Halley. He also calculated life expectancy people at different ages to determine the dependence of the insurance rent on the age of the probabilistic life expectancy of a person. To calculate the value of life expectancy, special mortality tables are used, which show to what average age people born in a given calendar year can live if the age-specific mortality rates characteristic of the year of their birth remain unchanged throughout their lives.
The first mortality tables were proposed by the Englishman J. Graunt. Currently in English they are called life tables - tables of life. Mortality tables show how the generation of people born in the same year with increasing age gradually decreases as a result of the onset of deaths. Mortality tables can be built according to different age intervals (a year, five or 10 years) for men and women, urban and rural populations. Complete mortality tables of the Russian population are calculated by Rosstat up to the age of 10 (1 years). The mortality tables serve as the basis for calculating the indicators of population reproduction, its aging, and forecasts of the working-age population.
The value of life expectancy for different ages of men and women is not the same and decreases as their age increases. A positive difference between the indicators of expected and real life expectancy of the population indicates a decrease in mortality and an improvement in living conditions for people. The decrease in mortality and the increase in the real life expectancy of the population depend on the ecological state of the environment, the level and lifestyle of the people, and the efficiency of the sanitary and medical services. According to scientists, over the past 160 years, real life expectancy has increased by three months every year. At the same time, for people with higher education, it is higher than for uneducated people by about six years. Men with a high index of 10 have a higher life expectancy, while women have the opposite.
The highest rate of real life expectancy in the USSR for men (64.9 years) and for women (74.6 years) was recorded in 1987. Some experts attribute the increase in the average life expectancy of Soviet people in 1985-1987. with the results of the anti-alcohol campaign carried out in these years. However, starting from 1988 and up to 1994, the real life expectancy of the population of Russia sharply decreased. In 1994, this indicator for men was 57.6 years, and for women - 71.2. In 1998, Russia ranked 114th among 174 countries of the world in terms of real life expectancy for men, and 76th for women.
Over the following years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the real life expectancy of Russians. Thus, in 1998 this figure for men was 61.3 years, for women - 72.9. However, in 2000, a decrease in the real life expectancy of Russians was again recorded: for men - up to 59 years, for women - up to 72.2. At the beginning of the XXI century. The highest indicators of real life expectancy in Russia were established in Moscow and the republics of the North Caucasus, and the lowest - in the Republic of Tyva (for men - 51 years, for women - 66 years). In 2003, a decrease in the real life expectancy of Russians was again recorded: for men - to 58.8 years, for women - to 72. According to the UN, in 2004 Russia ranked 119th in terms of real life expectancy for men, and women - 85th place among 175 countries of the world. Indicators of real life expectancy for men and women in different countries in 2013 are presented in Table. 8.5.
Table 8.5. Indicators of real life expectancy of people in the world, years
For many years, Russia had the world's largest gap between the life expectancy of men and women.
Thus, in 1997, for the entire population of the planet, this gap was 4.2 years in favor of women, while in Russia it was 12.2 years. The minimum gap in life expectancy between men and women - 0.1 years - occurs in Bangladesh. The excess of life expectancy for men over the life expectancy of women is observed in Nepal. Today, life expectancy in Russia is less than in economically developed countries: for men - on average by 10-15 years, for women - by 6-8.
In 2013, life expectancy for men in Russia reached 66.1 years against 58.6 years in 2003; women's life expectancy increased to 73.1 years against 71.8 years in 2003. The increase compared to 2003 was 5.8 years for men and 4.3 years for women. As a result, the difference in life expectancy between men and women has been reduced to 11.8 years (in 2003 it was 13.3 years, and in 1994 - 13.7 years). However, this difference in life expectancy between men and women compared to most countries of the world is still very significant. Despite the continued growth in life expectancy for men in Russia, its value in 2013 remained lower than in the mid-1960s and 1980s.
According to the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation V. I. Skvortsova, in 2014 the average life expectancy in Russia "increased by almost a year and amounted to 71.6 years" (Arguments and Facts. 2014. No. 46). According to statistics in Russia, the highest average life expectancy in 2014 was noted in the Republic of Ingushetia - 78 years, in Moscow - 76, in the Republic of Dagestan - 75, in St. Petersburg, in the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia - 74 years, in the Chechen Republic - 73, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - 72 years. The lowest average life expectancy was recorded in the Republic of Tyva - 61 years, in Chukotka - 62, in the Jewish Autonomous Region - 64, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 65 years.
In 1990, the UN published the Human Development Report, which proposed a special socio-demographic indicator - human Development Index, which is calculated on the basis of three dimensions: life expectancy, achieved level of education and standard of living. According to calculations, the current human development index in the United States is 0.91 (4th place in the world), in Russia - 0.75 (66th place in the world).
The life expectancy of men and women in various countries of the world is an indicator of the economic development of the state and the standard of living of its citizens. In economically developed countries, the average life expectancy is much higher than in underdeveloped and undeveloped countries.
Table 1 - Average life expectancy in various countries of the world.
| THE COUNTRY | AVERAGE LIFE, YEARS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | |||
| France | |||
| Canada | |||
| Greece | |||
| Germany | |||
| Poland | |||
| Georgia | |||
| Lithuania | |||
| Jamaica | |||
| Egypt | |||
| Iran | |||
| Belarus | |||
| India | |||
| Ukraine | |||
| Kazakhstan | |||
| Azerbaijan | |||
| Russia | |||
| Uzbekistan | |||
| Zimbabwe | |||
| Zambia |
Life expectancy
Rice. 1 - Map of life expectancy in UN member states as of 2007.
In almost all countries, men live less than women. The biggest difference in life expectancy between men and women is observed in the countries of the former USSR: Russia (14 years), Ukraine (11.8 years), Belarus (11.8 years). Kazakhstan (10.9 years), Azerbaijan (8.8 years), etc. Equal or slightly different life expectancy for men and women is observed in countries with a low average life expectancy. These are underdeveloped countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh, Kenya, Bhutan, Niger, Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Mozambique, Zambia. It is not difficult to notice a pattern: with a decrease in the average life expectancy in the country, the gap in life expectancy between men and women decreases.
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Of course, the determining factor in average life expectancy is the standard of living. The standard of living is understood as the level of financial situation, the possibility of obtaining qualified medical care, good housing and sanitary and hygienic conditions, and optimal working conditions.
Therefore, economically developed countries such as Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, France have a high life expectancy among their citizens.
What determines the lifespan of an individual?
- Man's lifestyle. Lifestyle includes nutrition, physical education, sleep and rest, bad habits, etc. Lifestyle is a key factor influencing a person's lifespan;
- Environment. Polluted water, air, food does not contribute to the growth of life expectancy;
- Genetics. The more a person's relatives have lived, the more life he has;
- Floor. It is known that women live longer than men, and this is partly due to physiological characteristics.
Why do men live less than women?
To answer this question, it is necessary to consider two determining factors: social and physiological.
social factor
- Men are more addicted to bad habits such as alcohol, smoking and drugs. Bad habits not only shorten the life expectancy of men, but in most cases are the cause of death;
- Harder physical labor and poor working conditions are also believed to contribute to the shortening of men's lives;
- Males are more likely to be victims of homicides and accidents. There are also more cases of suicide among men;
- Men do not give a damn about their health and avoid going to the doctors.
Physiological factor
The long life expectancy of women is due to nature itself. After all, in fact, one male is enough to fertilize a large number of females. Therefore, the female body plays a more important role in the duration of the birth.
It would seem that men are better adapted to life and have a large margin of safety. It's right. But women also have their own protective factors. One of the most important is the presence of the hormone estrogen, which has a protective property: estrogen regulates cholesterol in the body and prevents it from being deposited on the walls of blood vessels. Therefore, women are less prone to heart disease, and the most common cause of death among men is diseases of the cardiovascular system. Although estrogens are also present in men, but in much smaller quantities than in women. In women, heart problems begin after menopause or hormonal disorders, when estrogen levels are reduced.
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average life expectancy ( . average life expectancy)
a statistical measure of the mortality of a population, expressed as the number of years that, on average, persons born or reaching a certain age in a given calendar year will live, assuming that throughout their lives in each age group it will be the same as it was in that year.
1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.
See what "Average life expectancy" is in other dictionaries:
See Lifespan. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology
The statistical indicator of the mortality of the population, expressed as the number of years that, on average, persons born or who have reached a certain age in a given calendar year will live, assuming that throughout their life ... ... Emergencies Dictionary
- (syn. average life expectancy) a statistical indicator of the mortality of the population, expressed in the number of years that, on average, people born or who have reached a certain age in a given calendar year will have to live, if ... ... Big Medical Dictionary
Human, see Lifespan... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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ESTIMATED AVERAGE LIFE- (life expectancy) the number of years that the average member of a social group expects to live. Factors such as ecology, despite their improvement, do not lead to an infinitely expanding anticipation of life, for the maximum period of the existence of a member ... ... Big explanatory sociological dictionary
LIFE LIFE, the duration of the existence of an individual, determined genetically and depending on many factors. Among plants, the longest life expectancy is for spiny pine and baobab 4-5 thousand years, for sequoiadendron, yew, cypress ... ... Modern Encyclopedia
I Average life expectancy is a special indicator used to assess the state of health of the population; expressed as the number of years that, on average, a certain population of persons born or reaching one ... ... Medical Encyclopedia
See Average Life Expectancy... Big Medical Dictionary
Human lifespan- an indicator determined not only by biological and hereditary characteristics, but also by social conditions. Man lives longer than most higher vertebrates. Some individuals are known to live to be 110 years or more. Such records... Physical Anthropology. Illustrated explanatory dictionary.
LIFE LIFE- LIFETIME, the interval between birth and death, equal to the age of death. P. W., averaged for the generation of births, demographic indicator. statistics, is a generalized characteristic of mortality. Duration… … Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary
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- How to make the brain work at any age The Japanese system for the development of intelligence and memory, Kawashima R. The average life expectancy of a person has increased significantly over the past 50 years. But at the same time, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, senile ...
The standard of living is determined by several indicators. One of the most important is the average life expectancy. In Russia, it is not so high, but in the last decade there has been a positive trend. How is average life expectancy (average age) calculated? What forecasts do experts give?
What is average life expectancy
Average life expectancy (LE) is one of the most important demographic indicators. It characterizes the mortality rate of the population of a particular territory. In other words, life expectancy shows how long people live on average from birth to death.
Average life age and average life expectancy are equivalent concepts.
How the indicator is calculated
Life expectancy is calculated according to the laws of probability theory. Calculations are made for a specific year, taking into account the fact that mortality in all age groups remains at the same level as at the time of the study. However, even with this assumption, the indicator remains stable. The data on the registration of people who died during the year are taken as the basis, and then the total number is divided by sex and the number of full years lived. The methodology for calculating life expectancy in Russia covers population groups aged 0–110 years (0–1 years, 1–2, 2–3…109–110). The arithmetic mean values of mortality in groups are an intermediate result for further calculations. Thus, life expectancy is determined by a stepwise scheme.
What is the average life expectancy of people in Russia
Life expectancy in Russia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries was approximately 32 years. It was 6–7 years lower than in Europe due to epidemics of the Spanish flu and typhoid fever.
Dynamics since the beginning of the twentieth century, the main reasons for the decline and increase in life expectancy
Despite revolutions and wars, from 1900 to 1920, life expectancy steadily increased. By 1926–1927 for men it was 40 years, and for women 45 years, and by 1940 - 40.4 and 46.7 years, respectively. This became possible thanks to the systematic and planned healthcare system, as a result of which it was possible to achieve a reduction in child mortality. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the figure was already at the level of 63.7 and 72.3 years for men and women, respectively, which was quite comparable to the average life expectancy of citizens of European countries and the United States.
Thus, from the beginning of the 20th century to 1965, life expectancy increased by 2.3 times. This was the result of the development of the healthcare and medicine system, the improvement of the population's well-being and the improvement of working, leisure and living conditions.
From 1965 to 1995, the figure begins to gradually decline from 69 to 64 years. At the same time, the difference in life expectancy between women and men was about 11 years. The reason for this was the decline in the birth rate, the perestroika reforms and the economic crisis in the 1990s, the collapse of the health care system and the increase in infant mortality.
Since 1997, life expectancy has begun to grow slowly. According to experts, this is due to the fact that the population has adapted to the changed living conditions. At the same time, men, on average, began to live 13.5 years less than women. Since 2006, men began to live to retirement age. By 2015, life expectancy was 71 years (65 years for men and 76 for women). This value of the indicator is due to the growth of budgetary financing of health care, an increase in the standard of living and an increase in the birth rate.
Up-to-date statistics on life expectancy in Russia can be found on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat).
Table: how the average life expectancy in Russia has changed
| general Statistics | Urban population | Rural population | |||||||
| years | Total | Husband. | Female | Total | Husband. | Female | Total | Husband. | Female |
| 1896-1897 | 30,5 | 29,4 | 31,6 | 29,7 | 27,6 | 32,2 | 30,6 | 29,6 | 31,6 |
| 1926-1927 | 42,9 | 40,2 | 45,6 | 43,9 | 40,3 | 47,5 | 42,8 | 40,3 | 45,3 |
| 1961-1962 | 68,7 | 63,7 | 72,3 | 68,6 | 63,8 | 72,4 | 68,6 | 63,4 | 72,3 |
| 1970-1971 | 68,9 | 63,2 | 73,5 | 68,5 | 63,7 | 73,4 | 68,1 | 61,7 | 73,3 |
| 1980-1981 | 67,6 | 61,5 | 73,0 | 68,0 | 62,3 | 73,1 | 66,0 | 59,3 | 72,4 |
| 1990 | 69,1 | 63,7 | 74,3 | 69,5 | 64,3 | 74,3 | 67,9 | 62,0 | 73,9 |
| 1995 | 64,5 | 58,1 | 71,5 | 64,7 | 58,3 | 71,6 | 63,9 | 57,6 | 71,4 |
| 2000 | 65,3 | 59,0 | 72,2 | 65,6 | 59,3 | 72,4 | 64,3 | 58,1 | 71,6 |
| 2001 | 65,2 | 58,9 | 72,1 | 65,5 | 59,2 | 72,3 | 64,2 | 58,0 | 71,5 |
| 2002 | 64,9 | 58,6 | 71,9 | 65,4 | 59,0 | 72,1 | 63,6 | 57,5 | 71,0 |
| 2003 | 64,8 | 58,5 | 71,8 | 65,3 | 59,0 | 72,2 | 63,3 | 57,2 | 70,8 |
| 2004 | 65,3 | 58,9 | 72,3 | 65,8 | 59,4 | 72,7 | 63,7 | 57,5 | 71,2 |
| 2005 | 65,3 | 58,9 | 72,4 | 66,1 | 59,5 | 72,9 | 63,4 | 57,2 | 71,0 |
| 2006 | 66,6 | 60,4 | 73,3 | 67,4 | 61,1 | 73,8 | 64,7 | 58,6 | 71,8 |
| 2007 | 67,6 | 61,4 | 74,0 | 68,3 | 62,2 | 74,5 | 65,5 | 59,5 | 72,5 |
| 2008 | 67,9 | 61,9 | 74,2 | 68,7 | 62,6 | 74,8 | 65,9 | 60,0 | 72,7 |
| 2009 | 68,7 | 62,8 | 74,7 | 69,5 | 63,6 | 75,3 | 66,6 | 60,8 | 73,2 |
| 2010 | 68,9 | 63,0 | 74,8 | 69,6 | 63,8 | 75,3 | 66,9 | 61,1 | 73,4 |
| 2011 | 69,8 | 64,0 | 75,6 | 70,5 | 64,6 | 76,1 | 67,9 | 62,4 | 74,2 |
| 2012 | 70,2 | 64,5 | 75,8 | 70,8 | 65,1 | 76,2 | 68,6 | 63,1 | 74,6 |
| 2013 | 70,8 | 65,1 | 76,3 | 71,3 | 65,6 | 76,7 | 69,2 | 63,8 | 75,1 |
| 2014 | 70,9 | 65,3 | 76,5 | 71,5 | 65,8 | 76,9 | 69,4 | 63,9 | 75,3 |
| 2015 | 71,39 | 65,92 | 76,71 | 71,91 | 66,38 | 77,09 | 69,90 | 64,67 | 75,59 |
Table: Life expectancy of men and women in Russia by region (up-to-date data for 2013)
| Subject of the federation | Total life expectancy | Men | Women |
| Adygea | 72,01 | 66,85 | 77,06 |
| Altai | 67,76 | 61,88 | 73,86 |
| Altai region | 70,01 | 64,33 | 75,72 |
| Amur region | 67,00 | 61,32 | 73,04 |
| Arkhangelsk region | 70,23 | 64,19 | 76,34 |
| Astrakhan region | 70,76 | 65,53 | 75,97 |
| Bashkortostan | 69,76 | 63,79 | 75,99 |
| Belgorod region | 72,25 | 66,90 | 77,48 |
| Bryansk region | 69,42 | 63,04 | 75,99 |
| Buryatia | 68,54 | 62,72 | 74,51 |
| Vladimir region | 69,25 | 62,90 | 75,58 |
| Volgograd region | 71,62 | 66,11 | 77,04 |
| Vologodskaya Oblast | 69,74 | 63,66 | 75,93 |
| Voronezh region | 70,82 | 64,67 | 77,12 |
| Dagestan | 75,83 | 72,56 | 78,95 |
| Jewish Autonomous Region | 65,20 | 59,49 | 71,35 |
| Transbaikal region | 67,38 | 61,68 | 73,41 |
| Ivanovo region | 69,88 | 63,76 | 75,71 |
| Ingushetia | 79,42 | 76,35 | 81,99 |
| Irkutsk region | 66,87 | 60,53 | 73,36 |
| Kabardino-Balkaria | 74,16 | 69,36 | 78,69 |
| Kaliningrad region | 70,28 | 64,82 | 75,58 |
| Kalmykia | 72,03 | 67,01 | 77,03 |
| Kaluga region | 69,93 | 63,42 | 76,76 |
| Kamchatka Krai | 68,06 | 62,82 | 73,88 |
| Karachay-Cherkessia | 73,91 | 69,04 | 78,47 |
| Karelia | 69,36 | 62,99 | 75,69 |
| Kemerovo region | 67,80 | 61,64 | 74,06 |
| Kirov region | 70,59 | 64,44 | 76,89 |
| Komi | 69,05 | 63,05 | 75,12 |
| Kostroma region | 70,05 | 64,10 | 76,00 |
| Krasnodar region | 72,28 | 67,20 | 77,23 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 69,23 | 63,60 | 74,83 |
| Kurgan region | 68,75 | 62,54 | 75,20 |
| Kursk region | 70,11 | 63,79 | 76,56 |
| Leningrad region | 70,28 | 64,78 | 75,87 |
| Lipetsk region | 70,60 | 64,50 | 76,68 |
| Magadan Region | 67,19 | 61,62 | 73,25 |
| Mari El | 69,42 | 62,87 | 76,39 |
| Mordovia | 71,38 | 65,20 | 77,66 |
| Moscow | 76,70 | 72,77 | 80,38 |
| Moscow region | 70,94 | 65,31 | 76,39 |
| Murmansk region | 69,97 | 64,02 | 75,72 |
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 70,65 | 64,72 | 76,21 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 69,53 | 63,30 | 75,69 |
| Novgorod region | 68,41 | 62,29 | 74,49 |
| Novosibirsk region | 70,28 | 64,41 | 76,17 |
| Omsk region | 70,13 | 64,10 | 76,13 |
| Orenburg region | 68,73 | 62,78 | 74,87 |
| Oryol Region | 69,88 | 63,32 | 76,56 |
| Penza region | 71,63 | 65,67 | 77,51 |
| Perm region | 69,04 | 63,14 | 74,84 |
| Primorsky Krai | 68,74 | 63,39 | 74,35 |
| Pskov region | 68,07 | 62,13 | 74,21 |
| Rostov region | 71,30 | 66,13 | 76,37 |
| Ryazan Oblast | 70,80 | 64,79 | 76,78 |
| Samara Region | 69,63 | 63,35 | 75,93 |
| Saint Petersburg | 74,57 | 69,83 | 78,68 |
| Saratov region | 70,95 | 65,26 | 76,48 |
| Sakha (Yakutia) | 69,81 | 64,34 | 75,50 |
| Sakhalin region | 67,89 | 62,21 | 74,10 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 69,76 | 63,71 | 75,68 |
| North Ossetia Alania | 73,82 | 68,76 | 78,48 |
| Smolensk region | 69,44 | 63,36 | 75,62 |
| Stavropol region | 72,75 | 67,85 | 77,42 |
| Tambov Region | 71,11 | 65,30 | 77,03 |
| Tatarstan | 72,17 | 66,39 | 77,83 |
| Tver region | 68,43 | 62,33 | 74,70 |
| Tomsk region | 70,67 | 64,94 | 76,50 |
| Tula region | 69,63 | 63,60 | 75,57 |
| Tuva | 61,79 | 56,63 | 67,22 |
| Tyumen region | 71,50 | 66,14 | 76,84 |
| Udmurtia | 70,03 | 63,55 | 76,52 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 70,37 | 64,52 | 76,20 |
| Khabarovsk region | 68,01 | 62,24 | 73,99 |
| Khakassia | 68,83 | 63,02 | 74,66 |
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra | 72,27 | 67,32 | 77,13 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 69,71 | 63,59 | 75,76 |
| Chechnya | 73,06 | 70,01 | 75,99 |
| Chuvashia | 70,62 | 64,46 | 77,02 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | 62,32 | 58,84 | 66,62 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 71,92 | 67,02 | 76,86 |
| Yaroslavskaya oblast | 70,64 | 64,15 | 76,92 |
Features of cities and rural areas
In many small towns, medical care remains inaccessible. The average life expectancy in the Russian Federation is increasing due to the “successful” regions. But in regions that are underfunded or where the budget is not balanced, there are also demographic problems.
Video: life expectancy in Russia in numbers and graphs
Comparative analysis of the average age of life in Russia and the world
According to preliminary data, in 2015 Russia ranked 110th in the world ranking in terms of average life expectancy.
Life expectancy in Russia has been rather low for several decades in a row. In developed countries such as Japan, Singapore, France, Australia, Sweden, Iceland, Canada, Italy, the value of this indicator is more than 80 years. Accordingly, at the moment, life expectancy in Russia is almost 10 years behind compared to European countries. However, in the 60-70s of the last century, it was almost equal.
States where life expectancy is higher than in the Russian Federation:
- China (73);
- Argentina (75);
- Mexico (76);
- Chile (79);
- Algeria, Philippines, Turkey, Brazil (72).
If we talk about the former socialist states in Central and Eastern Europe, then life expectancy here is:
- in Slovenia and Poland - 76.65 years;
- in the Czech Republic - 76.5;
- in Slovakia - 75.05;
- in Lithuania - 74.5;
This is almost 3-5 years higher than in Russia.
But in other countries, the indicator is almost equal to the Russian one:
- in Hungary - 73 years;
- in Bulgaria - 73.5;
- in Estonia - 72.5;
- in Romania - 72;
- in Latvia - 71.75.
In the CIS, life expectancy is different. So, in Belarus and Uzbekistan, it is the same as in Russia, and in other states, for example, in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, it is 2–3 years more.
Why is life expectancy low in Russia?
The value of this indicator is largely determined by the level of mortality, which has remained high for many years. This phenomenon is not observed in prosperous countries, in particular, Western European ones. The level of economic development (43rd place in the world), education (40), real incomes of the population (55), social development index (65) also have an impact. Therefore, in terms of life expectancy, Russia lags far behind even some underdeveloped states.
Video: how long people live in different countries and on average around the world
Russian Federation prospects
The demographic situation in Russia strongly depends on the factors and processes that take place in society. How will average life expectancy change in the coming years?
According to Rosstat forecasts, the indicator will steadily grow and reach at least 73 years by 2030. More detailed data is presented in the table below.
UN experts, based on 2010 studies, argue that by 2035 life expectancy will reach 73 years, and by the beginning of the new century it will be even higher than 81 years. At the same time, the gap in life expectancy between men and women should be reduced from 13 to 6 years. Experts in their forecasts took into account high mortality both in infancy and in middle age.
Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev notes that in 2015 the value of life expectancy reached a historical maximum, taking into account the Soviet period. And by 2020, it should grow to 74 years. Such changes are due to a decrease in maternal and infant mortality, a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic products and an improvement in the quality of medical services.
Despite this, the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber T. A. Golikova in her report in 2016 stated that the growth of life expectancy is an unstable trend. The reason is a large gap in the standard of living (and, consequently, its duration) in cities and villages, prosperous and lagging regions. Over the years, the situation will only get worse if you do not take timely action.
Thus, the value of average life expectancy depends on many social and economic factors. If the level and quality of life will rise, the Russians will live longer.
Video: Ministry of Health told how to fight mortality and increase life expectancy
Table: Rosstat forecast for life expectancy in Russia until 2030
| Lifespan | |||||||||
| Low forecast option | Average forecast option | High forecast option | |||||||
| years | men and women | men | women | men and women | men | women | men and women | men | women |
| 2016 | 71,5 | 66,0 | 76,8 | 71,6 | 66,2 | 76,9 | 72,2 | 66,8 | 77,3 |
| 2017 | 71,6 | 66,2 | 76,9 | 71,9 | 66,6 | 77,1 | 72,9 | 67,6 | 78,0 |
| 2018 | 71,8 | 66,4 | 77,1 | 72,2 | 66,9 | 77,3 | 73,6 | 68,4 | 78,4 |
| 2019 | 71,9 | 66,5 | 77,2 | 72,5 | 67,3 | 77,5 | 74,1 | 69,1 | 78,7 |
| 2020 | 72,0 | 66,7 | 77,3 | 72,8 | 67,6 | 77,7 | 74,4 | 69,5 | 79,0 |
| 2021 | 72,1 | 66,8 | 77,4 | 73,0 | 68,0 | 77,9 | 74,7 | 69,8 | 79,2 |
| 2022 | 72,3 | 67,0 | 77,5 | 73,3 | 68,3 | 78,0 | 75,0 | 70,2 | 79,5 |
| 2023 | 72,4 | 67,1 | 77,6 | 73,5 | 68,6 | 78,2 | 75,3 | 70,5 | 79,7 |
| 2024 | 72,5 | 67,3 | 77,7 | 73,8 | 68,9 | 78,4 | 75,6 | 70,8 | 79,9 |
| 2025 | 72,6 | 67,4 | 77,8 | 74,0 | 69,2 | 78,6 | 75,8 | 71,2 | 80,2 |
| 2026 | 72,7 | 67,5 | 77,8 | 74,2 | 69,4 | 78,8 | 76,1 | 71,5 | 80,4 |
| 2027 | 72,8 | 67,7 | 77,9 | 74,4 | 69,7 | 79,0 | 76,4 | 71,8 | 80,7 |
| 2028 | 72,9 | 67,8 | 78,0 | 74,7 | 69,9 | 79,2 | 76,7 | 72,1 | 80,9 |
| 2029 | 73,1 | 68,0 | 78,1 | 74,9 | 70,2 | 79,4 | 77,0 | 72,5 | 81,1 |
| 2030 | 73,2 | 68,1 | 78,2 | 75,1 | 70,5 | 79,6 | 77,3 | 72,8 | 81,4 |
Average or expected life expectancy is an important indicator. In Russia in 2015 it was 71 years (66 years for men and 76 years for women). According to Rosstat forecasts, by 2030 the figure should increase to 74 years.
To analyze the standard of living in a particular country, it is necessary to pay attention to several factors, one of which is the life expectancy of a person. What is life expectancy in Russia in 2018-2019? Despite the fact that in the last 10 years there has been a positive trend, it is impossible to talk about a large life expectancy in the Russian Federation.
In order to obtain such an indicator, it is necessary to collect data on the registration of deceased citizens. After that, their total number must be divided by the full years lived. Thus, the indicator is averaged.
It is worth noting that such calculations for men and women are carried out in the same way, but the indicators, at the same time, may vary.
Those intermediate values obtained by arithmetic operations are the basis for other calculations. It turns out that the calculation of such an indicator occurs in a stepwise manner.
In Russia, this technique has been used for more than 10 years. It covers all age groups whose age ranges from 0 to 110 years.
What is the average life expectancy in Russia?
The average life expectancy in Russia in all years was different.
Interesting Facts:
- At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was 32 years old. Although in the same
time period, in Europe the situation was not much better. It's all about wars and epidemics. People did not live to be 40 years old due to typhoid, Spanish flu and other diseases.
- The record life expectancy in Russia was recorded in 2015. The indicator reached 71 (average indicator). This exceeded the life expectancy of the population of the Soviet Union. Life expectancy for women in 2015 was 76.7 years, and for men - 65.6.
- Further dynamics could be traced in a year. By 2016, human life expectancy in the Russian Federation was increased to 6 months, and in 2017 it began to decline - only 66.5.
Dynamics of life expectancy in the Russian Federation since the 20th century
At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia became a participant in the world war and revolution. Many people died, but even despite this, every year the life expectancy of Russians increased.
Thanks to the development of medicine, the death rate of citizens has decreased significantly. To analyze the dynamics of life expectancy of Russians, you can use the table.
| Of the year | Men | Women | |
| 1926-1927 | 40 | 45 | |
| 1940 | 40,4 | 46,7 | |
| 1950-1960 | 63,7 | 72,3 | |
| 1965-1995 | 64 | 75 | |
The latest indicators became similar to those in Europe at that time. Thus, the table above allows us to say that since the 1950s, the life expectancy of a Russian person has increased by almost 2.5 times. Though Life expectancy for men in Russia has always been lower.
This has led to the fact that the conditions for the leisure of the population have improved. There have also been positive changes in the field of work. Improved working conditions, production.
The economic crisis of the 1990s had a strong impact on the birth rate. Experts say that in addition to the crisis, this situation can be explained by the perestroika reforms. During this period, infant mortality increased significantly. The reason for this was the collapse of the health care system.
Population growth could be recorded after 1997. Experts believe that this became possible due to the habituation of the population to new living conditions. An interesting fact: during this period, the life expectancy of men compared to the life expectancy of women decreased by 13 years. Only by 2006, male pensioners began to appear in the Russian Federation.
After 2015, the situation with demography has changed radically: the standard of living of the population has increased significantly, the mortality rate has decreased, the healthcare system has improved, and the birth rate has increased.
Graph of the demographic situation in Russia
In 2018, life expectancy in the Russian Federation was 66.5.
Life expectancy in cities and villages
In small towns in Russia, the level of medical care remains low. Moreover, in some of them there is no medical care at all. This leads to a high mortality rate in some villages and towns.
But thanks to the so-called “successful regions of the country”, life expectancy in the Russian Federation is increasing. Demographic problems also exist in areas where funding is insufficient. As practice shows, the budget in such regions is not balanced.
The average age of the population in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world: a comparative analysis
In 2018, the Russian Federation took 110th place in the ranking of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Experts believe that life expectancy in Russia has been low for several decades. In developed countries such as Japan, France or Singapore, this figure is approximately 80.
The conclusion is obvious: Russia lags behind the developed countries in this indicator, while in the 1960s the average age of European countries and Russia were approximately equal.
Which countries have the highest rate?
In which countries is this indicator practically the same as in the Russian Federation?
| The country | Average age |
| Hungary | 73 |
| Romania | 72 |
| Estonia | 72,5 |
| Latvia | 71 |
As for the CIS countries, the life expectancy indicator is different in them.
Why is the average life expectancy of citizens in the Russian Federation low?
First of all, this indicator depends on the mortality rate. And in the Russian Federation, this ratio has been quite high for many years. This phenomenon is not typical for the countries of Western Europe.
The following factors have a huge impact on this situation:
- The level of economic development of the country. According to this parameter, Russia ranks 43rd in the world.
- The level of education. According to this parameter, Russia ranks 40th in the world.
- The level of income of the population. According to this parameter, Russia ranks 55th in the world.
- Social index development. According to this parameter, Russia ranks 65th in the world.
Most experts believe that such an indicator as the average life expectancy, first of all, depends on the level of medical care in the country. The health of citizens depends not only on the economy, but also on the healthcare system.
In some regions of the Russian Federation, medicine is not only at a low level of its development, it may be absent altogether. This is a big problem for Russia, relevant in our time.
Elderly Russians often recall Soviet times with nostalgia. They remember price levels, housing affordability, and collective consciousness. This period is noted by many as stable. As for the current period of the country's development, it cannot be called stable due to political and economic reasons.